Phorum.com.gr

Limpieza de sangre (Spanish: [limˈpjeθa ðe ˈsaŋɡɾe]), Limpeza de sangue (Portuguese: [lĩˈpezɐ ðɨ ˈsɐ̃ɡɨ], Galician: [limˈpeθa ðe ˈsaŋɡe]) or Neteja de sang (Catalan: [nəˈtɛʒə ðə ˈsaŋ]), literally "cleanliness of blood" and meaning "blood purity", played an important role in the modern history of the Iberian Peninsula.

It referred to those who were considered pure "Old Christians", without Muslim or Jewish ancestors, or within the context of the empire (New Spain and Portuguese India) usually to those without ancestry from the Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Asia, or Africa.

AFTER THE RECONQUISTA

By the end of the Reconquista and the conversion of Muslim mudéjars and Sephardi Jews, the population of Portugal and Spain was all nominally Christian. Out of Spain's population of 7 million, this included up to a million recent converts from Islam and 200,000 converts from Judaism, who were collectively referred to as "New Christians". Converts from Judaism were referred to as conversos or marranos, and converts from Islam were known as Moriscos. A commonly leveled accusation was that the New Christians were false converts, secretly practicing their former religion as Crypto-Jews or Crypto-Muslims. Nevertheless, the concept of cleanliness of blood came to be more focused on ancestry than of personal religion. The first statute of purity of blood appeared in Toledo, Spain, 1449, where an anti-converso riot succeeded in obtaining a ban on conversos and their posterity from most official positions. Initially, these statutes were condemned by the monarchy and the Church; however, in 1496, Pope Alexander VI approved a purity statute for the Hieronymites.

This stratification meant that the Old Christian commoners could assert a right to honour even if they were not in the nobility. The religious and military orders, guilds and other organizations incorporated in their by-laws clauses demanding proof of cleanliness of blood. Upwardly mobile New Christian families had to either contend with their plight, or bribe and falsify documents attesting generations of good Christian ancestry. The Spanish and Portuguese Inquisitions were more concerned with repressing the New Christians and heresy than chasing witches, which was considered to be more a psychological than a religious issue, or Protestants, who were promptly suffocated.[citation needed]

The claim to universal hidalguía (lowest nobility) of the Basques was justified by intellectuals like Manuel Larramendi (1690–1766) because the Umayyad conquest of Hispania had not reached the Basque territories, so it was believed that Basques had maintained their original purity, while the rest of Spain was suspect of miscegenation. The universal hidalguía of Basques helped many of them to positions of power in the administration. This idea was reinforced by the fact that, as a result of the Reconquista, a large number of Spanish noble lineages were already of Basque origin.

Tests of limpieza de sangre had begun to lose their utility by the 19th century; rarely did persons have to endure the grueling inquisitions into distant parentage through birth records. However, laws requiring limpieza de sangre were still sometimes adopted even into the 19th century. For example, an edict of 8 March 1804 by King Ferdinand VII resolved that no knight of the military orders could wed without having a council vouch for the limpieza de sangre of his spouse.

Official suppression of such entry requirements for the Army was enacted into law on 16 May 1865, and extended to naval appointments on 31 August of the same year. On 5 November 1865, a decree allowed children born out of wedlock, for whom ancestry could not be verified, to be able to enter into religious higher education (canons). On 26 October 1866, the test of blood purity was outlawed for the purposes of determining who could be admitted to college education. On 20 March 1870, a decree suppressed all use of blood purity standards in determining eligibility for any government position or any licensed profession.

The discrimination was still present into the 20th century in some places like Majorca. No Xueta (descendants of the Majorcan conversos) priests were allowed to say Mass in a cathedral until the 1960s.

PROCEDURE TO JUDGE PURITY OF BLOOD

The earliest known case judging Limpieza de Sangre comes from the Church of Cordoba, that explained the procedure to judge the purity of blood of a candidate as follows: Kneeling, with his right hand placed over the image of a crucifix on a Bible, the candidate confirmed themselves as not being of either Jewish or Moorish extraction. Then the candidate provided the names of their parents and grandparents, as well as places of birth. Two delegates of the council, church or other public place would then research the information to make sure it was truthful. If the investigation had to be carried out of Cordoba, a person, not necessarily a member of the council, would be appointed to examine the witnesses appointed by the candidate. This researcher would receive a sum per diem according to the rank of the person, the distance traveled and the time spent. Having collected all the reports, the secretary or the notary must read them all to the council and a vote would decide whether the candidate was approved. A simple majority was sufficient, after which the candidate had to promise to obey all the laws and customs of the Church.

http://www.jewishwikipedia.info/limpieza.html

Planis έγραψε: 30 Οκτ 2020, 21:53 Οι Ισπανοί είναι αιρετικοί παπικοί και όχι Χριστιανοί.

Dwarven Blacksmith έγραψε: 30 Οκτ 2020, 21:56 Το ήξερα για τους Εβραίους αλλά δεν το είχα ακούσει για τους υπόλοιπους.
Εμ κάνεις convert εμ σου κρατάνε και μούτρα.

Καραμελίτσα έγραψε: 30 Οκτ 2020, 22:02 Δεν κατάλαβα, πώς οριζόταν το Limpieza de sangre;

Σενέκας έγραψε: 30 Οκτ 2020, 22:18 στην ουσία έδιωξαν απο τη χώρα το 4% του συνολικού πληθυσμού τους εν μια νυκτί(με τις ανάλογες δημογραφικές και οικονομικές επιπτώσεις) στα πλαίσια μια φυλετικό-θρησκευτικής μανίας, έχοντας πάντα τον ενδόμυχο φόβο ότι οι προσήλυτοι θα συμμαχήσουν με τους απέναντι σε ενδεχόμενη εισβολή, που δεν κόπασε ούτε όταν τους μετακίνησαν μαζικά προς τα βόρεια της ιβηρικής.

Δεν είναι τυχαίο που η αυτοκρατορία πήγε κατα διαόλου μέσα σε λιγότερο απο 1 αιώνα. Είχαν απίστευτα κόμπλεξ

Σενέκας έγραψε: 30 Οκτ 2020, 22:18 στην ουσία έδιωξαν απο τη χώρα το 4% του συνολικού πληθυσμού τους εν μια νυκτί(με τις ανάλογες δημογραφικές και οικονομικές επιπτώσεις) στα πλαίσια μια φυλετικό-θρησκευτικής μανίας, έχοντας πάντα τον ενδόμυχο φόβο ότι οι προσήλυτοι θα συμμαχήσουν με τους απέναντι σε ενδεχόμενη εισβολή, που δεν κόπασε ούτε όταν τους μετακίνησαν μαζικά προς τα βόρεια της ιβηρικής.

Δεν είναι τυχαίο που η αυτοκρατορία πήγε κατα διαόλου μέσα σε λιγότερο απο 1 αιώνα. Είχαν απίστευτα κόμπλεξ

Δημοκρατικός έγραψε: 30 Οκτ 2020, 22:24 Λευτεριά στους Βάσκους

Spoiler

hades έγραψε: 30 Οκτ 2020, 22:22

Σενέκας έγραψε: 30 Οκτ 2020, 22:18 στην ουσία έδιωξαν απο τη χώρα το 4% του συνολικού πληθυσμού τους εν μια νυκτί(με τις ανάλογες δημογραφικές και οικονομικές επιπτώσεις) στα πλαίσια μια φυλετικό-θρησκευτικής μανίας, έχοντας πάντα τον ενδόμυχο φόβο ότι οι προσήλυτοι θα συμμαχήσουν με τους απέναντι σε ενδεχόμενη εισβολή, που δεν κόπασε ούτε όταν τους μετακίνησαν μαζικά προς τα βόρεια της ιβηρικής.

Δεν είναι τυχαίο που η αυτοκρατορία πήγε κατα διαόλου μέσα σε λιγότερο απο 1 αιώνα. Είχαν απίστευτα κόμπλεξ

Και η Γαλλία το έκανε με τους ουγενοτους τον 17 αιώνα

Religious, racial, and even anti-aristocratic class prejudices combined to create the obsession with “purity of blood” (limpieza de sangre) which became characteristic of the Spaniards in the 16th and 17th centuries. It first crystallized with a statute of limpieza, imposed in 1547 on the cathedral chapter of Toledo, by which purity of ancestry both from the “taint” of converso blood and from any accusations of heresy by the Inquisition was made a condition of all future ecclesiastical appointments. The author of this statute was Juan Martínez Siliceo, archbishop of Toledo, a man of humble and, hence, by definition, untainted origins who had found himself despised by the aristocratic canons, many of whom were of converso ancestry. In 1556 Philip II gave his royal approval to the statute on the grounds that “all the heresies in Germany, France, and Spain have been sown by descendants of Jews.” This remark was sheer fantasy with regard to Germany and France, and it is especially ironic that Pope Paul IV, then at war with Spain, quite correctly described Philip II himself as a Marrano, or a descendant of Jews who had converted to Christianity.

Statutes of limpieza spread rapidly throughout Spain. The statutes helped to perpetuate a set of values that equated pure ancestry, orthodoxy, and personal honour. Although this certainly helped to prevent the spread of heresies in Spain, in the long run it had a blighting effect on Spanish society, especially because the statutes were linked so closely with the basically corrupt institution of the Inquisition and its encouragement of the inevitably corrupting and divisive practice of spying on and denouncing one’s neighbours.

Σενέκας έγραψε: 30 Οκτ 2020, 22:29

hades έγραψε: 30 Οκτ 2020, 22:22

Σενέκας έγραψε: 30 Οκτ 2020, 22:18 στην ουσία έδιωξαν απο τη χώρα το 4% του συνολικού πληθυσμού τους εν μια νυκτί(με τις ανάλογες δημογραφικές και οικονομικές επιπτώσεις) στα πλαίσια μια φυλετικό-θρησκευτικής μανίας, έχοντας πάντα τον ενδόμυχο φόβο ότι οι προσήλυτοι θα συμμαχήσουν με τους απέναντι σε ενδεχόμενη εισβολή, που δεν κόπασε ούτε όταν τους μετακίνησαν μαζικά προς τα βόρεια της ιβηρικής.

Δεν είναι τυχαίο που η αυτοκρατορία πήγε κατα διαόλου μέσα σε λιγότερο απο 1 αιώνα. Είχαν απίστευτα κόμπλεξ

Και η Γαλλία το έκανε με τους ουγενοτους τον 17 αιώνα

Δεν είναι ακριβώς το ίδιο. Δεν υπήρχαν επίσημες δογματικές διαφορές με τους μορίσκος και τους κονβέρσος(οι αντίστοιχοι εβραίοι προσήλυτοι). Όλοι καθολικοί ήταν. Μόνο φόβος υπήρχε